Aktuelle Publikationen
Auf dieser Seite finden Sie die chronologisch geordneten Veröffentlichungen unserer Wissenschaftler*innen aus den vergangenen Jahren.
Aktuelle Publikationen (Politik- und Verwaltungswissenschaft)
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(2018): How political are national identities? : A comparison of the United States, the United Kingdom, and Germany in the 2010s Research & Politics. Sage Publications. 2018, 5(3), pp. 1-9. ISSN 2053-1680. Available under: doi: 10.1177/2053168018801469
Research demonstrates the multi-dimensional nature of American identity arguing that the normative content of American identity relates to political ideologies in the United States, but the sense of belonging to the nation does not. This paper replicates that analysis and extends it to the German and British cases. Exploratory structural equation modeling attests to cross-cultural validity of measures of the sense of belonging and norms of uncritical loyalty and engagement for positive change. In the 2010s, we find partisanship and ideology in all three nations explains levels of belonging and the two content dimensions. Interestingly, those identifying with major parties of the left and right in all three countries have a higher sense of belonging and uncritical loyalty than their moderate counterparts. The relationship between partisanship, ideology, and national identity seems to wax and wane over time, presumably because elite political discourse linking party or ideology to identity varies from one political moment to the next.
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(2018): Serving many masters : Public accountability in private policy implementation Governance. Wiley. 2018, 31(2), pp. 299-319. ISSN 0952-1895. eISSN 1468-0491. Available under: doi: 10.1111/gove.12297
In recent decades, the introduction of market principles has transformed public service delivery into a hybrid. However, little is known about how these changes are reflected in the attitudes of private implementing agents: The hybridization literature neglects individuals, and street‐level bureaucracy research has disregarded hybridization. This article extends Hupe and Hill's (2007) accountability regimes framework to introduce the market as an additional accountability regime alongside state, profession, and society. Using a configurational approach, the article explores how public and private food safety inspectors in Switzerland perceive the multiple norms for behavior stemming from their environment. Results suggest that the plural accountabilities of for‐profit street‐level bureaucrats can increase the dilemmas involved in their work. Under certain circumstances, for‐profit street‐level bureaucrats have particular difficulties reconciling rule pressure with market incentives and client demands. The extended accountability regimes framework fruitfully captures such dilemmas and helps identify suitable governance responses.
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(2018): Titel, Thesen, Zitationen : Entwicklung der Forschung SCHNEIDER, Gerald, ed., Volker SCHNEIDER, ed., Wolfgang SEIBEL, ed.. Brüchige Erfolge : eine Biografie der Konstanzer Politik- und Verwaltungswissenschaft. Konstanz: UVK Verlagsgesellschaft mbH, 2018, pp. 133-165. ISBN 978-3-86764-867-7
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Empirical tests of the “resource curse” thesis have provided inconclusive evidence for the core claim that natural resource abundance lowers economic growth. Some macro-level studies argue that the key expectation holds if one controls for the level of democracy. However, even if we account for the quality of institutions, some democratic resource-rich countries experience low growth rates. We argue in line with a new contest model and recent findings that these anomalies are a consequence of different control rights regimes and that state-controlled resource production stimulates local income more than privately-controlled extraction. Our micro-level arguments are tested using information on local economic activity and a new data set that establishes the control rights over hydrocarbons at the individual extraction site of the resource. Relying on this novel data, we perform district and grid-level analyses of sub-Saharan Africa covering the period from 1997 to 2014. Our multi-level and two-way fixed effects linear models show that the presence of domestic national oil companies is associated with increased local growth, while international oil companies show no effect on economic development. We also find that state-controlled oil production particularly furthers local economic well-being under democratic institutions, good governance and low levels of corruption.
Forschungszusammenhang (Projekte)
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(2018): Cooperation and competition : United Nations–African Union relations ARIS, Stephen, ed., Aglaya SNETKOV, ed., Andreas WENGER, ed.. Inter-organizational Relations in International Security : Cooperation and Competition. London: Routledge, 2018, pp. 54-70. CSS studies in security and international relations. ISBN 978-1-138-05949-8
This chapter aims to introduce a framework to categorize inter-organizational relations along three "Cs": coexistence, cooperation, and competition. Using this framework, it argues that the relations between the UN and African Union (AU) in peace and security questions fall under the rubric "competition" as opposed to the more euphemistic terms "subsidiarity" and "complementarity." This empirical argument draws on an overview of UN-regional relations after 1945, an analysis of interactions after the end of the Cold War and an analysis of the three recent military operations in Africa, those in Libya, Mali, and the Central African Republic. The chapter shows whether or not organization, commitment, and consensus are given by the UN and regional organizations in phases of coexistence, cooperation, and competition. Coexistence, as the side-by-side existence without major coordination and overlap of mandates thus describes the UN-regional relations during the Cold War period when regional organizations "were frequently little more than bystanders to unfolding international events".
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(2018): Mehrheitsfähigkeit der Altersvorsorge 2020 : Die Bewertung der Reformelemente durch die Stimmbürgerinnen und Stimmbürger vor der Abstimmung Swiss Political Science Review. Wiley. 2018, 24(1), pp. 69-78. ISSN 1424-7755. eISSN 1662-6370. Available under: doi: 10.1111/spsr.12295
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dc.contributor.author: Pinggera, Michael; Traber, Denise
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Does the deliberative quality of communication positively affect the sharing and processing of private information, the rate of cooperation, and the likelihood of consensus decisions? Can such an effect be isolated from personal interests? The face-to-face communication of simulated two-person conflicts in an experimental setting under laboratory control is analysed. Participants are randomly assigned to one of four two-person two-options game-theoretic conflict situations that are embedded in a conflict story. Two symmetric constellations (Prisoner’s Dilemma and Chicken) and two asymmetric constellations are used. In the asymmetric constellations one actor has a dominant strategy not to cooperate and is therefore at a strategic advantage. The participants discuss the conflict and take a joint decision. The discussion transcripts of 240 observations are used to measure the deliberative quality of the communication between the two participants in four dimensions: justification, equal participation, respect, and accommodation. Automated measures from the VisArgue project are used and combined into an index of deliberative quality of communication.
Overall, by comparing a decision that the participants take before they communicate with their joint decision after 30 minutes of negotiation, I can confirm that communication increases the level of cooperation tremendously. This effect is strongest in the Prisoner’s Dilemma. However, I cannot provide evidence that the deliberative quality overall has a positive effect on either the sharing and processing of information, on the willingness of the participants to cooperate, or on consensual decisions.
The individual dimensions provide further insights: A high level of justification of the advantaged actor negatively affects his or her satisfaction value. For the disadvantaged actors, I find higher satisfaction values when they themselves have high values of justification and lower satisfaction values when their experimental partners have high justification values. I also observe that participants in the advantaged position use more arguments, but only if they are male. Equal participation is positively correlated with the sharing of private information. In one asymmetric constellation there is also a positive correlation with the participants’ satisfaction. Respect is negatively correlated with the processing of some information. However, the disadvantaged actors’ respect values are positively correlated with their decision to continue cooperating. Higher levels of accommodation are negatively associated with the sharing and processing of private information and with the advantaged actors’ level of satisfaction. Accommodation is also negatively associated with the one actors’ decisions to cooperate in one symmetric and one asymmetric game-theoretic constellation.
Overall, I conclude that the participants had a high predisposition to cooperate in the experiment; however high levels of justification seem to lead to frustration and defection rather than cooperation and consensus. Finally, decisions to cooperate need a certain amount of disagreement at the negotiation stage in order to last. -
(2018): Exploring the institutionalization of quality assurance in post-communist higher education HAZELKORN, Ellen, ed., Hamish COATES, ed., Alexander C. MCCORMICK, ed.. Research Handbook on Quality, Performance and Accountability in Higher Education. Cheltenham: Edward Elgar Publishing, 2018, pp. 472-486. ISBN 978-1-78536-974-2. Available under: doi: 10.4337/9781785369759.00047
This chapter explores the difficulties and challenges that two post-communist countries, Poland and Russia, have faced in establishing systems of quality assurance in higher education. We show that the efforts to institutionalize multifaceted forms of quality enhancement have been hampered by an array of historical, socio-economic and structural features inherent to post-communist higher education. However, the Europeanization of higher education and educational expansion have prompted governments in the region to implement new quality assurance structures and policies. Drawing on Perellon’s typology, we compare and contrast objectives, procedures, uses and forms of control in the emerging quality assurance regimes, while highlighting areas of progress and stagnation in various areas in both countries. The conclusion which can be derived from our exploratory analysis is that diverse structures and institutions of quality assurance have indeed been put in place, due largely to the Bologna Process, resulting in a visible convergence towards western European norms and standards. However, both countries still significantly lag behind many of their western counterparts when it comes to translating quality assurance into tangible quality enhancement.
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(2018): Citizen-oriented digital transformation in the public sector Proceedings of the 19th Annual International Conference on Digital Government Research : Governance in the Data Age : dg.o 2018. New York, New York, USA: ACM Press, 2018, 122. ISBN 978-1-4503-6526-0. Available under: doi: 10.1145/3209281.3209294
Digital transformation has emerged as a term that describes the departure from digitization efforts to a full stack revision of the policies, processes and services in order to create simpler user experiences for citizens and frontline workers. While previous waves of digitization focused on the transition from analog to (parallel) digital services to increase efficiency and effectiveness of government services, digital transformation aims to redesign and reengineer government services from the ground up to fulfill changing user needs. At the center of these efforts are users — both internal and external users — of digital services who are included in the digital transformation efforts. This panel therefore brings together four aspects of digital transformation: a) dynamic capabilities as a precondition for digital transformation; b) co-design of digital services with users; c) digital co-production and co-creation to increase legitimacy of digital services; and d) co-creation with open data to improve digital service delivery.
Forschungszusammenhang (Projekte)
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(2018): Food Safety Policy : Transnational, Hybrid, Wicked THOMPSON, William R., ed.. Oxford Research Encyclopedia of Politics. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2018. ISBN 978-0-19-022863-7. Available under: doi: 10.1093/acrefore/9780190228637.013.540
According to the World Health Organization, between 2010 and 2015 there were an estimated 582 million cases of 22 different foodborne enteric diseases. Over 40% people suffering from enteric diseases caused by contaminated food were children aged under five years. Highly industrialized livestock production processes have brought along antibiotic resistances that could soon result in an era in which common infections and minor injuries that have been treatable for decades can once again kill. Unsafe food also poses major economic risks. For example, Germany’s E. coli outbreak in 2011 reportedly caused US$1.3 billion in losses for farmers and industries. Food safety policy ensures that food does not endanger human health—along the entire food chain through which food is produced, stored, transported, processed, and prepared. In an interdependent world of globalized trade and health risks, food safety is an extraordinarily complex policy issue situated at the intersection of trade, agricultural, and health policies. Although traditionally considered a domestic issue, bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE) and other major food safety crises before and around the turn of the millennium highlighted the need for transnational regulation and coordination to ensure food safety in regional and global markets. As a result, food safety has received ample scholarly attention as a critical case of the transboundary regulation of often uncertain risks. The global architecture of food production also gives food safety policy an international and interactive character. Some countries or regions, for example, the European Union, act as standard setters, whereas newly industrialized countries, such as China, struggle to “do their homework,” and the poorest regions of the world strive for market access. Although national regulatory approaches differ considerably in the degree to which they rely on self-regulation by the market, overall, the sheer extent of the underlying policy problem makes it impossible to tackle food safety solely through public regulation. Therefore, private regulation and co-regulation play an influential role in the standard setting, implementation, and enforcement of food safety policy. The entanglement of several interrelated policy sectors, the need for coordination and action at multiple—global, regional, national, local—levels, and the involvement of actors from the public and private, for-profit and nonprofit fields, are the reasons why the governance of food safety policy is characterized by considerable hybridity and also requires both vertical and horizontal policy integration. Scholarship has increasingly scrutinized how the resulting multiple, sometimes conflicting, actor rationalities and the overlap of several regulatory roles affect effectiveness and legitimacy in the decision-making and implementation of food safety policy. By highlighting issues such as regulatory capture and deficient enforcement systems, this research suggests another implication of the hybridization of food safety governance, namely, that the latter increasingly shares the characteristics of a wicked problem. Next to complexity and both high and notoriously uncertain risks, the multiple actors involved often diverge in their very definitions of the problem and strategic intentions. The major task ahead lies in designing recipes for integrated, context-sensitive, and resilient policy responses.
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The replication crisis is largely concerned with known problems, such as the lack of replication standards, non-availability of data, or p-hacking. One hitherto unknown problem is the potential for software companies’ changes to the algorithms used for calculations to cause discrepancies between two sets of reported results.
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(2018): European integration as a threat to social security : Another source of Euroscepticism? European Union Politics. Sage Publications. 2018, 19(2), pp. 209-232. ISSN 1465-1165. eISSN 1741-2757. Available under: doi: 10.1177/1465116517749769
This study investigates whether citizens' concerns about the EU's impact on social security are a distinct source of Euroscepticism. By analysing data from the European Values Study 2008, we show that citizens differentiate between domain-specific fears about European integration (i.e. about social security, national sovereignty, culture, payments and jobs), meaning that they cannot be reduced completely to a general fear about European integration. Furthermore, socioeconomic determinants and ideological position are more important in explaining citizens' fear about the EU's impact on social security than in explaining their generalised fear of European integration. In countries with higher social spending, citizens are more fearful of European integration in general, however, social spending does not affect fears about social security more strongly than it affects other EU-related fears.
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(2018): Einleitung SCHNEIDER, Gerald, ed., Volker SCHNEIDER, ed., Wolfgang SEIBEL, ed.. Brüchige Erfolge : Eine Biografie der Konstanzer Politik- und Verwaltungswissenschaft. Konstanz: UVK Verlagsgesellschaft mbH, 2018, pp. 7-15. ISBN 978-3-86764-867-7
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(2018): Rational Choice Institutionalism and European Integration THOMPSON, William R., ed.. Oxford Research Encyclopedia of Politics. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2018. Available under: doi: 10.1093/acrefore/9780190228637.013.501
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(2018): A History of Possible Futures : Multipath Forecasting of Social Breakdown, Recovery, and Resilience Cliodynamics : The Journal of Quantitative History and Cultural Evolution. eScholarship Publishing. 2018, 9(2), pp. 124-139. eISSN 2373-7530. Available under: doi: 10.21237/C7CLIO9242078
Recent years have seen major political crises throughout the world, and foreign policy analysts nearly universally expect to see rising tensions within (and between) countries in the next 5–20 years. Being able to predict future crises and to assess the resilience of different countries to various shocks is of foremost importance in averting the potentially huge human costs of state collapse and civil war. The premise of this paper is that a transdisciplinary approach to forecasting social breakdown, recovery, and resilience is entirely feasible, as a result of recent breakthroughs in statistical analysis of large-scale historical data, the qualitative insights of historical and semiotic investigations, and agent-based models that translate between micro-dynamics of interacting individuals and the collective macro-level events emerging from these interactions. Our goal is to construct a series of probabilistic scenarios of social breakdown and recovery, based on historical crises and outcomes, which can aid the analysis of potential outcomes of future crises. We call this approach—similar in spirit to ensemble forecasting in weather prediction—multipath forecasting (MPF). This paper aims to set out the methodological premises and basic stages envisaged to realize this goal within a transdisciplinary research collaboration: first, the statistical analysis of a massive database of past instances of crisis to determine how actual outcomes (the severity of disruption and violence, the speed of resolution) depend on inputs (economic, political, and cultural factors); second, the encoding of these analytical insights into probabilistic, empirically informed computational models of societal breakdown and recovery—the MPF engine; third, testing the MPF engine to “predict” the trajectories and outcomes of another set of past social upheavals, which were not used in building the model. This “historical retrodiction” is an innovation that will allow us to further refine the MPF technology. Ultimately our vision is to use MPF to help write what we call “a history of possible futures,” in which the near- and medium-term paths of societies are probabilistically forecast.
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Der Fachbereich Politik- und Verwaltungswissenschaft der Universität Konstanz, eine der größten und renommiertesten sozialwissenschaftlichen Einrichtungen im deutschsprachigen Raum, wird 2018 50 Jahre alt. In ihrem Gemeinschaftswerk »Brüchige Erfolge« reflektieren die Herausgeber und ihre Ko-Autoren, warum sich allen anfänglichen Anfeindungen zum Trotz in Konstanz eine überaus erfolgreiche Politik- und Verwaltungswissenschaft etablieren konnte. Die einzelnen Kapitel zeichnen die oft gefährdete Erfolgsbilanz für die Forschung und Lehre nach und beschreiben, woher die Konstanzer Politologen und Verwalter kamen, worüber sie in ihrer Studienzeit gearbeitet haben und wohin sie der Studienabschluss geführt hat.
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(2018): Federal, Devolved or Decentralized State : on the Territorial Architecture of Power DETTERBECK, Klaus, ed., Eve HEPBURN, ed.. Handbook of Territorial Politics. Cheltenham: Edward Elgar Publishing, 2018, pp. 30-44. ISBN 978-1-78471-876-3. Available under: doi: 10.4337/9781784718770
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(2018): Die Theorie der "Public Service Motivation" : Attraktivitätspotenziale für den öffentlichen Dienst in Deutschland Die Öffentliche Verwaltung (DÖV). Kohlhammer. 2018, 71(13), pp. 504-513. ISSN 0029-859X
Das Konzept der Public Service Motivation (PSM) postuliert einen Unterschied zwischen der Motivation im öffentlichen zu der im privaten Sektor und erweitert damit das Feld der Motivationsforschung um den Bereich des öffentlichen Sektors und seinen Bediensteten. Das Verständnis um die Motivationslagen innerhalb der öffentlichen Verwaltung kann zur Steigerung der Attraktivität derselben beitragen, da dem öffentlichen Dienst Anwerbungstaktiken der freien Wirtschaft, wie z.B. finanzielle Anreize, versagt bleiben. Der vorliegende Beitrag untersucht, inwiefern sich aus dem PSM-Konzept praktischer Nutzen für das Personalmanagement des öffentlichen Dienstes ziehen lässt. Der im Folgenden aufgezeigte Mangel an empirischen Ergebnissen in Deutschland verdeutlicht die Relevanz eines Erkenntnisgewinns hierzulande.