*******How Many Hands to Make Sanctions Work? Comparing EU and US Sanctioning Efforts *****Descriptive Statistics *Case-level Dataset tab sanction threat if EU==1 & startyearEU>1988 | US==1 & startyearUS>1988 tab threatEU impositionEU if EU==1 & startyearEU>1988 tab threatUS impositionUS if US==1 & startyearUS>1988 tab sanction threat if EU==1 & US==1 tab sanction if impositionUS==1 & startyearUS>1988 & impositionEU & startyearEU>1988 tab threat sanction if single_EU==1 *Dyadic Dataset tab ccodecow if caseid!=. *****Inductive Statistics *Case-level Dataset drop if startyearUS<1989 gen threat_sample=0 replace threat_sample=1 if threatEU==1 | threatUS==1 gen sanction_sample=0 replace sanction_sample=1 if impositionEU==1 | impositionUS==1 logit threat_success threatEU threatUS if threat_sample==1, cluster(targetstate) logit threat_success threatEU threatUS threatUN if threat_sample==1, cluster(targetstate) logit sanctions_success impositionEU impositionUS if sanction_sample==1, cluster(targetstate) logit sanctions_success impositionEU impositionUS impositionUN embargo if sanction_sample==1, cluster(targetstate) logit sanctions_success impositionEU impositionUS impositionUN threatEU threatUS threatUN embargo if sanction_sample==1, cluster(targetstate) ologit HSEscore impositionEU impositionUS impositionUN threatEU threatUS threatUN embargo if sanction_sample==1, cluster(targetstate) *Dyadic Dataset keep if sender=="EU" xtset ccodecow year xtreg sanction_dyad L.ln_std_FDI_Stocks_Eurostat L.ln_EU_FDI_Stocks L.varkoff_Trade_Eurostat L.ln_EU_Trade_Eurostat L.ln_GDPpc L.ln_population L.latency_pilot L.gd_ptss L.v2x_polyarchy L.ciri_empinx_new L.coup1 L.conflict L.one_sided_violence i.year, fe xtcsd, pesaran abs xtscc sanction_dyad L.ln_std_FDI_Stocks_Eurostat L.ln_EU_FDI_Stocks L.varkoff_Trade_Eurostat L.ln_EU_Trade_Eurostat L.ln_GDPpc L.ln_population L.latency_pilot L.gd_ptss L.v2x_polyarchy L.ciri_empinx_new L.coup1 L.conflict L.one_sided_violence i.year, fe est store fixed xtscc sanction_dyad L.ln_std_FDI_Stocks_Eurostat L.ln_EU_FDI_Stocks L.varkoff_Trade_Eurostat L.ln_EU_Trade_Eurostat L.ln_GDPpc L.ln_population L.latency_pilot L.gd_ptss L.v2x_polyarchy L.ciri_empinx_new L.coup1 L.conflict L.one_sided_violence i.year, re est store random hausman fixed random gen sanction_dyad_CFSP=0 replace sanction_dyad_CFSP=1 if strpos(impositionEU_id, "CFSP") & sanction_dyad==1 destring impositionEU_econ, replace gen econ = impositionEU_econ replace econ=0 if econ==. xtscc sanction_dyad L.ln_std_FDI_Stocks_Eurostat L.ln_EU_FDI_Stocks i.year, fe xtscc sanction_dyad L.ln_std_FDI_Stocks_Eurostat L.ln_EU_FDI_Stocks L.ln_EU_Trade_Eurostat L.ln_GDPpc L.ln_population L.latency_pilot L.gd_ptss L.v2x_polyarchy L.ciri_empinx_new L.coup1 L.conflict L.one_sided_violence i.year, fe xtscc sanction_dyad_CFSP L.ln_std_FDI_Stocks_Eurostat L.ln_EU_FDI_Stocks L.ln_EU_Trade_Eurostat L.ln_GDPpc L.ln_population L.latency_pilot L.gd_ptss L.v2x_polyarchy L.ciri_empinx_new L.coup1 L.conflict L.one_sided_violence i.year, fe xtscc sanction_dyad L.ln_std_Trade_Eurostat L.ln_EU_Trade_Eurostat i.year, fe xtscc sanction_dyad L.ln_std_Trade_Eurostat L.ln_EU_Trade_Eurostat L.ln_GDPpc L.ln_population L.latency_pilot L.gd_ptss L.v2x_polyarchy L.ciri_empinx_new L.coup1 L.conflict L.one_sided_violence i.year, fe xtscc sanction_dyad_CFSP L.ln_std_Trade_Eurostat L.ln_EU_Trade_Eurostat L.ln_GDPpc L.ln_population L.latency_pilot L.gd_ptss L.v2x_polyarchy L.ciri_empinx_new L.coup1 L.conflict L.one_sided_violence i.year, fe xtscc sanction_dyad L.ln_std_FDI_Stocks_Eurostat L.ln_std_Trade_Eurostat L.ln_EU_FDI_Stocks L.ln_EU_Trade_Eurostat L.ln_GDPpc L.ln_population L.latency_pilot L.gd_ptss L.v2x_polyarchy L.ciri_empinx_new L.coup1 L.conflict L.one_sided_violence i.year, fe xtscc sanction_dyad_CFSP L.ln_std_FDI_Stocks_Eurostat L.ln_std_Trade_Eurostat L.ln_EU_FDI_Stocks L.ln_EU_Trade_Eurostat L.ln_GDPpc L.ln_population L.latency_pilot L.gd_ptss L.v2x_polyarchy L.ciri_empinx_new L.coup1 L.conflict L.one_sided_violence i.year, fe xtscc econ L.ln_std_FDI_Stocks_Eurostat L.ln_std_Trade_Eurostat L.ln_EU_FDI_Stocks L.ln_EU_Trade_Eurostat L.ln_GDPpc L.ln_population L.latency_pilot L.gd_ptss L.v2x_polyarchy L.ciri_empinx_new L.coup1 L.conflict L.one_sided_violence i.year, fe xtscc econ L.ln_std_FDI_Stocks_Eurostat L.ln_std_Trade_Eurostat L.ln_EU_FDI_Stocks L.ln_EU_Trade_Eurostat L.ln_GDPpc L.ln_population L.latency_pilot L.gd_ptss L.v2x_polyarchy L.ciri_empinx_new L.coup1 L.conflict L.one_sided_violence i.year if potential_sanction==1, fe ***Robustness Checks *Dyadic Dataset sum std_FDI_Stocks_Eurostat EU_FDI_Stocks_Eurostat std_Trade_Eurostat EU_Trade_Eurostat GDPpc_constant_USD_WDI pop_tot_WDI latency_pilot gd_ptss v2x_polyarchy ciri_empinx_new coup1 conflict one_sided_violence corr std_FDI_Stocks_Eurostat EU_FDI_Stocks_Eurostat std_Trade_Eurostat EU_Trade_Eurostat GDPpc_constant_USD_WDI pop_tot_WDI latency_pilot gd_ptss v2x_polyarchy ciri_empinx_new coup1 conflict one_sided_violence *Dyadic Dataset keep if sender=="EU" xtset ccodecow year xtscc threat_dyad L.ln_std_FDI_Stocks_Eurostat L.ln_EU_FDI_Stocks L.ln_EU_Trade_Eurostat L.ln_GDPpc L.ln_population L.latency_pilot L.gd_ptss L.v2x_polyarchy L.ciri_empinx_new L.coup1 L.conflict L.one_sided_violence i.year, fe xtscc threat_dyad L.varkoff_Trade_Eurostat L.ln_EU_Trade_Eurostat L.ln_GDPpc L.ln_population L.latency_pilot L.gd_ptss L.v2x_polyarchy L.ciri_empinx_new L.coup1 L.conflict L.one_sided_violence i.year, fe xtscc threat_dyad L.ln_std_FDI_Stocks_Eurostat L.ln_EU_FDI_Stocks L.varkoff_Trade_Eurostat L.ln_EU_Trade_Eurostat L.ln_GDPpc L.ln_population L.latency_pilot L.gd_ptss L.v2x_polyarchy L.ciri_empinx_new L.coup1 L.conflict L.one_sided_violence i.year, fe xtscc sanction_dyad L.ln_std_FDI_Stock_EU L.ln_EU_FDI_Stocks i.year, fe xtscc sanction_dyad L.ln_std_FDI_Stock_EU L.ln_EU_FDI_Stocks L.ln_EU_Trade_Eurostat L.ln_GDPpc L.ln_population L.latency_pilot L.gd_ptss L.v2x_polyarchy L.ciri_empinx_new L.coup1 L.conflict L.one_sided_violence i.year, fe xtscc sanction_dyad_CFSP L.ln_std_FDI_Stock_EU L.ln_EU_FDI_Stocks L.ln_EU_Trade_Eurostat L.ln_GDPpc L.ln_population L.latency_pilot L.gd_ptss L.v2x_polyarchy L.ciri_empinx_new L.coup1 L.conflict L.one_sided_violence i.year, fe xtscc sanction_dyad L.ln_std_Trade_EU L.ln_EU_Trade_Eurostat i.year, fe xtscc sanction_dyad L.ln_std_Trade_EU L.ln_EU_Trade_Eurostat L.ln_GDPpc L.ln_population L.latency_pilot L.gd_ptss L.v2x_polyarchy L.ciri_empinx_new L.coup1 L.conflict L.one_sided_violence i.year, fe xtscc sanction_dyad_CFSP L.ln_std_Trade_EU L.ln_EU_Trade_Eurostat L.ln_GDPpc L.ln_population L.latency_pilot L.gd_ptss L.v2x_polyarchy L.ciri_empinx_new L.coup1 L.conflict L.one_sided_violence i.year, fe xtscc sanction_dyad L.ln_std_Trade_Eurostat L.ln_std_Trade_EU_weak L.ln_EU_Trade_Eurostat i.year, fe xtscc sanction_dyad L.ln_std_Trade_Eurostat L.ln_std_Trade_EU_weak L.ln_EU_Trade_Eurostat L.ln_GDPpc L.ln_population L.latency_pilot L.gd_ptss L.v2x_polyarchy L.ciri_empinx_new L.coup1 L.conflict L.one_sided_violence i.year, fe xtscc sanction_dyad_CFSP L.ln_std_Trade_Eurostat L.ln_std_Trade_EU_weak L.ln_EU_Trade_Eurostat L.ln_GDPpc L.ln_population L.latency_pilot L.gd_ptss L.v2x_polyarchy L.ciri_empinx_new L.coup1 L.conflict L.one_sided_violence i.year, fe *Case-level Dataset gen sanction_sample=0 replace sanction_sample=1 if impositionEU==1 | impositionUS==1 gen jointEU=0 replace jointEU=1 if impositionEU==1 & impositionUS==0 gen jointUS=0 replace jointUS=1 if impositionEU==0 & impositionUS==1 drop if startyearUS<1989 logit sanctions_success jointEU jointUS if sanction_sample==1, cluster(targetstate) logit sanctions_success jointEU jointUS impositionUN if sanction_sample==1, cluster(targetstate) logit sanctions_success jointEU jointUS impositionUN threatEU threatUS threatUN embargo if sanction_sample==1, cluster(targetstate) ologit HSEscore jointEU jointUS impositionUN threatEU threatUS threatUN embargo if sanction_sample==1, cluster(targetstate) *Dyadic Dataset keep if sender=="US" xtset ccodecow year destring impositionUS_econ, replace gen econ = impositionUS_econ replace econ=0 if econ==. xtscc threat_dyad L.ln_US_Trade_COW L.ln_GDPpc L.ln_population L.latency_pilot L.gd_ptss L.v2x_polyarchy L.ciri_empinx_new L.coup1 L.conflict L.one_sided_violence i.year, fe xtscc threat_dyad L.ln_US_FDI_Stocks_Eurostat L.ln_US_Trade_COW L.ln_GDPpc L.ln_population L.latency_pilot L.gd_ptss L.v2x_polyarchy L.ciri_empinx_new L.coup1 L.conflict L.one_sided_violence i.year, fe xtscc sanction_dyad L.ln_US_Trade_COW L.ln_GDPpc L.ln_population L.latency_pilot L.gd_ptss L.v2x_polyarchy L.ciri_empinx_new L.coup1 L.conflict L.one_sided_violence i.year, fe xtscc sanction_dyad L.ln_US_FDI_Stocks_Eurostat L.ln_US_Trade_COW L.ln_GDPpc L.ln_population L.latency_pilot L.gd_ptss L.v2x_polyarchy L.ciri_empinx_new L.coup1 L.conflict L.one_sided_violence i.year, fe xtscc econ L.ln_US_FDI_Stocks_Eurostat L.ln_US_Trade_COW L.ln_GDPpc L.ln_population L.latency_pilot L.gd_ptss L.v2x_polyarchy L.ciri_empinx_new L.coup1 L.conflict L.one_sided_violence i.year, fe